The Adjustment of Status (AOS) process allows individuals already in the United States to apply for lawful permanent residency without returning to their home country. Processing times for Form I-485, the application for AOS, can vary widely. As of February 2025, the typical duration ranges from 9 to 14 months, depending on various factors.
Factors Influencing Processing Times:
- USCIS Workload and Backlog: High application volumes can extend processing times.
- Applicant Category: Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens often experience shorter waits compared to other categories.
- USCIS Field Office Processing Times: Processing durations can differ based on the specific field office handling the application.
For the most accurate and current processing times, applicants should consult the USCIS Check Case Processing Times page. This resource provides up-to-date information tailored to specific application categories and field offices.
Given the potential for extended processing periods, it's advisable to submit applications promptly and ensure all required documentation is complete to avoid unnecessary delays.
Step-by-Step Timeline
Step 1: File Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status)
- Processing Time: 2–4 weeks
- USCIS sends a receipt notice confirming they have received the application.
Step 2: Biometrics Appointment
- Processing Time: 4–8 weeks after filing
- USCIS schedules a fingerprint and photo appointment for background checks.
Step 3: Receive Work & Travel Permits (if requested)
- Processing Time: Varies; check current USCIS estimates.
- If you filed Form I-765 (Work Permit) and Form I-131 (Advance Parole) with I-485, you may receive these permits while waiting for your Green Card.
- Advance Parole delays can be significant, with approvals sometimes taking 14–18 months, limiting travel for over a year.
Step 4: USCIS Interview Notice
- Processing Time: Varies by USCIS field office.
- Most applicants must attend an interview at a local USCIS office.
Step 5: Attend Green Card Interview
- Processing Time: Usually scheduled 1–3 months before Green Card approval.
- A USCIS officer will review your application and ask questions about your background and eligibility.
- Bring original documents, including your passport, marriage certificate, birth certificate, and other supporting evidence.
Step 6: Green Card Approval & Card Production
- If approved, you will first receive an approval notice.
- Your physical Green Card typically arrives by mail within 2–4 weeks.
Processing times can fluctuate due to USCIS workload, so it's essential to check for updates on the USCIS website.
Can It Take Longer?
Yes, some Adjustment of Status (AOS) cases take longer than expected due to various factors, including:
- Request for Evidence (RFE): USCIS may ask for additional documents or clarifications, which can delay processing.
- Background Check Delays: Security checks can take longer if additional screenings are required.
- Marriage-Based Cases: If applying through marriage, USCIS may apply extra scrutiny to confirm the relationship is genuine.
- USCIS Workload: Processing times fluctuate based on case volume and field office capacity.
To check your specific processing time, visit the USCIS Processing Times page and select Form I-485 for the most up-to-date estimates.
Conclusion
Most Adjustment of Status (AOS) cases take at least one year, with many lasting longer due to processing delays. However, exact timelines vary based on USCIS workload, background checks, and case complexity.
To stay informed, applicants should regularly check USCIS processing times for updates. Submitting a complete and accurate application with all required documents helps minimize delays and speeds up the process.